SPIRIT
Waste Management System Monitoring using Wireless Sensors
Networks
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SPIRIT
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Introduction | Old Technology| Our Approach | Projects | People | Publications
Introduction: The project is a collaboration between researchers from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Department of Computer Science at Wayne State University, focusing on the deployment of enabling technologies for the deployment of a field-scale wireless sensor networks for enhanced integrity of waste containment systems. The project combines expertise in geo-environmental engineering, hydraulic engineering, and network and distributed systems to investigate the impact of fractures, especially desiccation cracks, on the integrity of engineered geo-structures using wireless sensor networks. The geo-structures of focus are containment liners constructed of compacted clay soils. The use of fibers as a reinforcing agent for the natural clay liners will also be considered and monitored using wireless sensor networks.
Old Technology: Wired sensors are already used by the civil engineers to monitor and investigate cracks formation and development in the engineered geo-structures. The fact that these sensors are wired not only affects the experimental setup, but also limits such investigation to simulated environments and conditions in labs, and makes it impossible for a large scale deployment.
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Wired sensors deployed for the study of fractures in compacted soil.
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Our approach: Using off-the-shelf Wireless Sensors, incorporating energy-efficient data dissemination and collection and self-organizing and configuring protocols, and taking advantage of existing database systems for wireless sensor networks, a wireless sensor networks prototype, Spirit, will be built and evaluated. The evaluation will be happen incrementally as follows
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Preparation process for the laboratory deployment. The soil is taken from Smith's Creek Landfill in Detroit, Michigan
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To meet the big goal of Spirit, several sub-projects and researches are going on, each project targets a different problem and challenge in the communication and application stacks starting at the bottom from the localization problem and going up to the end-user interface. Reaping the existing software and not re-inventing the wheel, our software modules and projects are designed to use TinyDB as a local query processor, and extends TinyDB to achieve higher levels of performance and energy savings in order to meet the strict lifetime constraint of the waste management system. A brief description of these projects is presented.
SEnsor System Accessing and Monitoring Environment (SESAME)
SESAME sits at the application end of the Spirit prototype, it provides the users with a user-friendly interface to the wireless sensor network, and allows for convenient accessing and querying of the wireless sensor network. In such a continuous and smooth sensor field (landfill containment clay liner), every point or region in the sensor field is a potential interest, the thing that makes the primary focus of SESAME is the sensor field instead of the individual sensor readings. Sitting on top of TinyDB, SESAME can access the Wireless Sensor Network through the TinySQL and achieves its goals.
Two snapshots of SESAME, the left shows a zoom level of 1, the right shows a zoom level of 2
A Highly Accurate Landmark-free Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks (HALF)
HALF is an accurate landmark free localization algorithm, the algorithm runs on each sensor in the network and assigns each one an accurate coordinates. The physical location of wireless sensors is an important piece of information that is required by almost all other functional components in the system, routing and sensing are two examples of such components. Given its importance, the localization algorithm should provide a highly accurate coordinates.
Active Query Router (AQR)
In a location aware wireless sensor network, geographic routing is a natural and efficient routing algorithm, but there are more constrained and requirements imposed on the routing algorithm than simply routing to the physically closest location. One of such constraints is the in-network processing and aggregation. To meet the requirements, AQR differentiates between two classes of routing. First, routing the aggregated data messages to the sink, where a pure geographic routing can be used, second, routing the partial result messages from the data sources to the relevant nodes to perform aggregation and other necessary in-network processing.
Capricorn: A Event-Driven Large Scale Wireless Sensor Network Simulator
Capricorn is designed to simulate the large-sacle wireless sensor networks with more than 5,000 sensor nodes, resolving the scalability drawbacks of existing (sensor) network simulators, e.g., ns-2 and TOSSIM.
Dr. Carol J. Miller, Civil and Environmental Engineering department
Dr. Weisong Shi, Computer Science Department
Safwan Al-omari, Computer Science department, PhD student
Zhaoming Zhu, Computer Science department, PhD student
Mike Firestone, Civil and Environmental Engineering
Kewei Sha, Computer Science department, PhD student
Junzhao Du , Computer Science department, visiting scholar
Technical Reports and Publications
Zhaoming Zhu and Weisong Shi, A Practical, Energy-Effiecient, and Robust Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks, Technical Report MIST-TR-2004-019.
Safwan Al-omari, Weisong Shi, and Carol J. Miller, SESAME: SEnsor System Accessing and Monitoring Environment, November 2004, Technical Report MIST-TR-2004-018, submitted.
Carol J. Miller, Weisong Shi, Safwan Al-omari, and Mike. Firestone, Wireless Sensor Networks for Containment System Monitoring, Technical Report MIST-TR-2004-016.
Kewei Sha and Weisong Shi, Modeling the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks, Technical Report MIST-TR-2004-011.
Zhaoming Zhu and Weisong Shi, Towards an Accurate Topology Mapping for Wireless Sensor Networks, Technical Report MIST-TR-2004-008 (revised), September 2004.
Kewei Sha, Weisong Shi, and Sivakumar Sellamuthu, Load Balanced Query Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks, book chapter of the book "Sensor Networks Operations", Edited by Shashi Phoha, Thomas F. La Porta and Christopher Griffin, IEEE Press, late 2004.
Kewei Sha and Weisong Shi, Revisiting the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks, Proceedings of ACM SenSys'04 (two page summary), November 3-5, 2004, Baltimore.
Weisong Shi, Sivakumar Sellamuthu, Kewei Sha, and Loren Schwiebert, QueryAgent: A General Query Processing Tool for Sensor Networks, in International Workshop on Ad hoc and Sensor Networks, in conjunction with 2004 International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP-2004), August 2004. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Kewei Sha, Zhaoming Zhu, and Weisong Shi, Capricorn: A large-scale Wireless Sensor Network Simulator, Technical Report MIST-TR-2004-001, January 2004.
